Crafting Recipe
3 sticks (left column) + 3 string (right column) = 1 bow. Fully charged: 9 damage (4.5 hearts). Arrows can be anywhere in inventory or offhand. 384 durability. Best enchants: Power V (+150% damage), Infinity (1 arrow unlimited, conflicts with Mending).
Ranged Advantage
The bow is the only standard ranged weapon: 9-10 damage at full charge with about 64 blocks of range and 384 durability. Against skeletons, endermen and ghasts it is far safer than melee.
Must-Have Enchants
Power V (+150% damage), Infinity (never consumes arrows if you keep one in inventory), Flame (sets targets burning), Punch II (knockback) and Unbreaking III. Without Infinity, carry 2-3 stacks of arrows.