Crafting Recipe
3 planks (top row) + 2 sticks (center column middle+bottom) = 1 wooden axe. Any wood type works. This should be the second tool you craft on Day 1 (after wooden pickaxe).
Practical Value
A wooden axe deals 6 damage (Java) and chops wood faster than any other tool; its 59 durability fells 3-4 trees. Craft an axe before a pickaxe on night one — wood stocks every later recipe.
Upgrade Path
The wooden axe is purely transitional: upgrade to stone (131 durability, faster) as soon as you have wood, then iron (250). Wooden axes out-damage wooden swords as an emergency weapon, but never waste enchantments on one.